Atractylenolide I is the major sesquiterpenoid of the rhizome of A. macrocephala and shows a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities such as antiinflammatory, digestion promoting, and antioxidant effects.

1400W is a slow, tight binding, and highly selective inhibitor of inducible nitric-oxide synthase(iNOS).

DAPTA is a water soluble potent, selective CCR5 antagonist which potently inhibits specific CD4-dependent binding of gp120 Bal (IC50 = 0.06 nM) and CM235 (IC50 = 0.32 nM) to CCR5.

Compstatin binds to complement component C3 and inhibits complement activation with IC50 of 12 μM.

AUNP-12, a new immune checkpoint modulator, is an inhibitor of the PD-1 pathway.

INF39 is a nontoxic, irreversible NLRP3 inhibitor that counteracts NLRP3 activation through direct irreversible interaction with NLRP3 and partial inhibition of LPS-driven pro-inflammatory gene .

CA-4948 is a reversible kinase inhibitor that modulates IRAK4 function in both the toll-like receptor (TLR) and interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling cascades, and demonstrates pharmacodynamic and antitumor activity in in vitro and in vivo nonclinical models.

Diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) is an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase and also a potent, irreversible, and time-, temperature-dependent iNOS/eNOS inhibitor.