Hyodeoxycholic acid(猪去氧胆酸) is a secondary bile acid, one of the metabolic byproducts of intestinal bacteria.

Icariin(淫羊藿苷) is a cGMP-specific PDE5 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.432 μM, 167-fold more selective for PDE5 than PDE4.

Limonin(柠檬苦素) is a triterpenoid enriched in citrus fruits, which has antivirus and antitumor ability.

Methyl Hesperidin(甲基橙皮) is a flavanone glycoside (flavonoid) (C28H34O15) found abundantly in citrus fruits. Its aglycone form is called hesperetin.

Myricetin(杨梅素), a natural flavonoid with antioxidant and anti tumor properties, is a novel inhibitor of MEK1 activity and transformation of JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells. It also inhibits PI3Kγ with Kd of 0.17 μM.

Myricitrin(杨梅苷), a flavonoid compound isolated from the root bark of Myrica cerifera, which exerts antinociceptive effects.

Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone(新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮), sometimes abbreviated to neohesperidin DC or simply NHDC, is an artificial sweetener derived from citrus.

Neohesperidin(新橙皮苷), a flavanone glycoside found in citrus fruits, is an antioxidant agent.