5-Hydroxytryptophan(5-羟基色氨酸), also known as oxitriptan, is a naturally occurring amino acid and chemical precursor as well as a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin.

Phosphocreatine(磷酸肌酸二钠盐), also known as creatine phosphate (CP) or PCr (Pcr), is a phosphorylated creatine molecule that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle and the brain to recycle adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell.

Adrenosterone(肾上腺甾酮) is endogenous steroid hormone that has been promoted as a dietary supplement capable of reducing body fat and increasing muscle mass.

7-Methoxy-4-methylcoumarin(7-甲氧基-4-甲基香豆素) is a coumarin derivative and fluorescent label.

Xanthoxylin, isolated from Zanthoxylum piperitum (Japanese pepper tree) and Sapium sebiferum (Chinese tallowtree), is a cytotoxic and fungicidal compound with the characteristics of a typical phytoalexin.

Benzyl isothiocyanate(异硫氰酸苯甲酯) is an isothiocyanate originally found in cruciferous vegetables that exhibits immunomodulatory, anti-parasitic, antibiotic, antioxidative, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-angiogenic, anti-metastatic, anticancer chemotherapeutic, and chemopreventive activities.

Phloracetophenone(2,4,6-三羟基苯乙酮), or 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone (THA), the aglycone component of phloracetophenone glucoside, is a naturally occurring compound obtained from the rhizome of Curcuma comosa (Family Zingiberaceae).

Nicotinamide N-oxide(烟酰胺 N-氧化物) is recognized as an in vivo metabolite of nicotinamide which is a precurser of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD₊) in animals.