Ca2+ ionophore that is more effective than A23187 as a mobile ion carrier for Ca2+; non-fluorescent; used to study Ca2+ transport across biological membranes; induces apoptotic degeneration of embryonic cortical neurons.

Kanamycin sulfate is a broad spectrum minoglycoside-antibiotic It is used as an additive in culture media for the isolation of group D Streptococci on Kanamycin Esculin Azide Agar (Mossel et al.) or for selection of transformed plant cells containing the neomycin phosphotransferase (for kanamycin resistance); on a kanamycin-medium.

Leptomycin B is an anti-fungal antibiotic, anti-tumor cytotoxin that inhibits CRM1-dependent, NES-dependent nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation (nuclear export inhibitor). NES containing proteins include HIV-1 REV; actin, c-Abl, cyclin B1, MDM2/p53, MPF,IκB, PKA and MEK.

Chondroitin appears to play a regulatory role for chondrocytes, neural cells, and some tumor cells. Chondroitin sulfate B is used to study ß peptide (1-42) cytotoxicity.

Chondroitin, a glucosaminoglycan (GAG), is a polysaccharide chain of alternating units of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and glucuronic acid (GlcA) that can be sulfated on the either or both GalNAc and GlcA units. Chondroitin and its sulfates are frequently attached to proteins to form proteoglycans.

(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate is a phenolic antioxidant found in a number of plants such as green and black tea.

Piperlongumine, a natural alkaloid from Piper longum L., increases the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selectively kills cancer cells.

Resveratrol(白藜芦醇) is a phytoalexin derived from grapes and other food products with antioxidant and potential chemopreventive activities.