D-(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate(D-(+)-棉子糖 五水合物) is a trisaccharide composed of galactose, glucose, and fructose.

Ethyl 4-Methoxycinnamate(4-甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯), a natural product found in K. galanga and C. zedoaria extracts, has anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, antifungal, larvicidal, and analgesic activities.

Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid(蒽醌-2-羧酸) acts as a potent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive component in vivo, thus contributing to the immune regulatory role of fruits and herbs.

Coumarin-3-carboxylic acid(香豆素-3-羧酸) is used as a detector for hydroxyl radicals (.OH) in aqueous solution.

Neryl acetate(橙花醇乙酸酯), a chemical compound found in citrus oils, is a flavouring agent.

Eugenyl acetate(乙酸丁香酚酯), an aromatic component of clove essential oil, exhibits various pharmacological activities, including antibacterial and anti-virulence activities against drug-resistant A. baumannii clinical isolates.

4',5-Dihydroxyflavone(5,4'-二羟基黄酮) inhibits soybean LOX-1 and yeast α-glucosidase.

Dihydrocoumarin(氢化肉桂酸内酯), a compound found in Melilotus officinalis (sweet clover) and Dipteryx odorata Willd (tonka beans), is added as a flavoring agent to a wide variety of foods, including soft drinks, yogurt, and muffins, and is used as a common fragrance in cosmetics, lotions, and soaps.